Carlo Maria Giulini

Carlo Maria Giulini (May 9, 1914 – June 14, 2005) was an Italian conductor.

Born in Barletta, he studied the viola and conducting at the Accademia Nazionale di Santa Cecilia in Rome.

He worked at Milan Radio from 1946 to 1951, where he revived several obscure operas, including works by Alessandro Scarlatti. Arturo Toscanini heard a production of Haydn's Il mondo della luna; this led to him recommending Giulini for the musical directorship at La Scala, where he remained from 1953 to 1956.

In 1958, he conducted a highly acclaimed production of Verdi's Don Carlos at the Royal Opera House, Covent Garden, but from 1967 he largely abandoned opera, concentrating on orchestral works. He conducted the Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra, the Chicago Symphony Orchestra and the Philharmonia Orchestra. From 1978 to 1984, he was principal conductor of the Los Angeles Philharmonic. In 1982 he returned to opera, conducting Verdi's Falstaff.

His legendary recordings include Verdi (Don Carlos), Fauré (Requiem), Bruckner (Symphony No. 8 and No. 9), Tchaikovsky (Symphony No. 6), Schubert (Symphony No. 8 and No. 9), Mahler (Symphony No. 1, No. 9, and The Song of the Earth), and Dvorak (Symphony No. 7 and No. 9) to name a few.

His 1959 recordings with the Philharmonia Orchestra and Chorus of Mozart's operas Le Nozze di Figaro and Don Giovanni, as well as his 1955 recording of Verdi's La Traviata with Maria Callas are regarded as some of the finest opera performances on record.

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