The Russian composer Sergei Vasilenko (1872–56) was born into an aristocratic family in Moscow whose inner circle of friends consisted of the leading writers and artists of the time.

His innovative style launched new standards in viola performance as well as expanding the repertoire for the instrument.

Unfortunately the viola was not in favour with the Soviet authorities (for ‘overloading the educational programmes’), and because of his interest in mysticism – also proscribed by the socialist realism of the day – Vasilenko found himself in serious trouble. Luckily, his interest in folk music was lauded, but for the rest of his life he had to tread a fine line between creative self-expression and practical survival.

His oeuvre is prolific, including five symphonies: concertos for balalaika, trumpet, cello, harp, clarinet, piano and horn; a number of shorter orchestral works; works for the stage, including seven operas and seven ballets; chamber and instrumental music; and songs, choruses, folksong arrangements and more.