Throughout the course of the 19th century the mandolin enjoyed some success as a solo instrument and "was the dedicatee of many works, including concertos, sonatas, solo pieces and duets. In Italy this instrument was very popular not only in Naples but also in the north of the country, where practically every city had its own type of mandolin. Similarly, also farther north in Europe - in particular in Paris and Vienna - the mandolin had a short season of success, documented by some good quality literature (among the authors who wrote works for this instruments were even figures such as Hummel and Beethoven).