This monograph focuses on the mutual relationship of Leoš Janáček, a leading composer of the 20th century, and the National Theatre in Brno, the most important theatrical institution in Moravia. The realtionship was long-standing, multi-faceted and far from simple. As a trustee of the Czech National Theatre in Brno, Janáček was part of the organizational structure (called Družstvo) from the start, attempting to realize his vision of how this institution should operate. Detailed discussions of the productions of Janáček works on the Brno stage and the circumstances during his lifetime constitute the core of the book. Attention is also paid to Janáček as an ardent theatre-goeras well as the memorial ceremony in the foyer of the City Thetare on 15 August 1928, after his death. In documenting the activities of the National Theatre in Brno in the period, the monograph documents the turbulent times connected with the building of the new Czech theatre house, with the establishment of the new ensembleand the transfer of the German Municipal Theatre to the Czech Company after the coup d'étát of 1918.