Think Rock

Contents

• Contents 1 The Prehistory of Rock & Roll 2
• Section 1 What Were the First Influences of Rock & Roll? 4 Mongrel Genealogy: The Ancestors of Rock & Roll 4 A Sheet-Music Economy and a New Mass-Market 4 The "Golden Age" of Tin Pan Alley: 1920s and 1930s 5
• Section 2 How Did New Technologies Influence Musical Styles? 6 Technological Breakthroughs Create a New Audience 6 Recording Takes Hold 6 Rock Places: Black Swan Records 6 Popular Music and the National Scene 7 Rock Technology: Electrical Recording 7
• Section 3 What Musical Styles Prefigured Rock & Roll? 8 The Jazz Craze 8 The Swing Bands Get in the Mood 9 Major Swing Bands and Bandleaders 9 Flashpoints: Issues in Rock 9 Race Records and the Blues 10 Surprise Hits Find a Market 10 Country Blues 11 "Cl
• Section 4 How Did Crossover Hits Pave the Way for Rock & Roll? 13 Blues Goes Electric 13 Folk Begins with the Depression 13 Woody Guthrie 13 Top of the Charts: What's Hot! August 11, 1945 13 Urban Folk: From Guthrie to Seeger 14 Classic Recordings: "Good
• Section 1 Where Did Rock & Roll Come From? 24 The History of the Term 24 The Evolution of Rock & Roll 25 1950s America: A Changing Country 25 A Changing Music 26 Rock Technology: The 45 26
• Section 2 How Did Rock & Roll First Emerge in the United States? 27 The First Rock & Roll Records 27 "I've Got a Woman": Gospel Meets R&B 27 Classic Recordings: "I Got a Woman" 28 "Good Rockin' Tonight": R&B Meets the Party Animal 28 "Rocket '88": Rock &
• Section 3 How Was Rock & Roll Marketed? 37 Selling the Music 37 AM Radio 37 Alan Freed: Finding the Audience 37 DJ Dewey Phillips: Finding the Talent 38 Rock People: "Colonel" Tom Parker: Selling the Superstar 39 3 The Establishment Strikes Back (1954-19
• Section 1 How Did Rock & Roll Divide the Generations? 44 Rock Gets Its First "Black Eye" 44 Blackboard Jungle 44 The Teenage National Anthem 45 Top of the Charts: Billboard Top 100, July 9, 1955 46
• Section 2 What Effect Did Scandals Have on Rock? 46 Another "Black Eye" for Rock: ASCAP vs. BMI 46 The Payola Scandal 48 Alan Freed and Dick Clark 48 Flashpoint: Issues in Rock 48 The End of Payola 50
• Section 3 In What Other Ways Was Rock Music Attacked in the 1950s? 51 Attack of the Musical Mainstream 51 The Plan of Attack 51 Classic Recordings: Let's All Sing with the Chipmunks by Alvin and the Chipmunks 52 Rock & Roll and the Red Scare 52 Rock Plac
• Section 4 What Nearly Killed Rock & Roll? 54 Domestication and the Near Death of Rock Music 54 Elvis Presley Meets Television 54 Classic Recordings: Elvis Presley by Elvis Presley 55 "Clean Teens" in Film 56 Rock's Deathbed 56 Jerry Lee Lewis 56 Rock Tec
• Section 1 How Did White Cover Artists "Hijack" Records by African American Artists? 64 Cover Versions 64 Hijacking Hits 64 Pat Boone 65 Bill Haley 65 Implications of White-Bread Pop 65 Flashpoints: Issues in Rock 66 Squeaky-Clean Teen Idols 66 American B
• Section 2 What Was the Impact of Teen Idols? 69 Teen Idols 69 The Brill Building Bunch 69 Top of the Charts: Billboard Hot 100 1959 69 Musical Families 70
• Section 3 What Were the Early Influences of Surf Music? 70 Surfing U.S.A. 70 Early Surf 71 Rock Technology: The Fender Stratocaster, Fender Amp, and Fender Reverb Unit 71
• Section 4 How Did Motown Originate? 72 R&B Lives On 72 [huck Berry 72 Little Richard 72 Etta James 3 73 Classic Albums: At Last! by Etta James 73 Doo-wop 74 One-Hit Wonder Groups 74 Beginnings of Motown 75 The Sound of Young America 76 Rock Places: Detro
• Section 3 How Did Folk Music Influence Emerging Rock & Roll Genres? 94 Folk Collides with Rock 94 Flashpoints-Issues in Rock: Dylan Plugs In 94 Dylan and the Brits 95 The Byrds 95 The Turtles 96 Simon and Garfunkel 96 The Rise of the Singer-Songwriter 97
• Section 1 How Did British Bands Influence Rock in the 1960s? 104 The Skiffle Craze 104 Merseybeat 104 The Beatles and Beatlemania 105 Rock Places: Liverpool 105 Origins of the Beatles 106 Brian Epstein 106 Rock People: George Martin 107 The Road to Ameri
• Section 2 What Was the American Reaction to the British Invasion? 118 The Colonies Fight Back! 118 Flashpoints: Issues in Rock 118 Gary Lewis and the Playboys 118 Paul Revere and the Raiders 119 The Monkees 119
• Section 3 What Ended the British Invasion? 119 7 The Summer of Love and Psychedelic Rock (1967-1969) 123
• Section 1 How Did the Hippie Movement Influence Rock Music in the Late 1960s? 124 Rock's Alliance with the Counterculture 124 Hippie Opposition to the Vietnam War 124 [
• Section 2 ] What Patterns Emerge when Comparing the Leading Bands of the 1960s? 125 The Grateful Dead 125 The Grateful Dead Live 125 Jefferson Airplane 126 Rock Places: San Francisco 126 Moby Grape 127 Janis Joplin 127 Jimi Hendrix 128 The Doors 129 Class
• Section 3 How Did Music Festivals Define the Hippie Era? 133 Rock and the Counterculture 133 Top of the Charts: What's Hot! November 16, 1968 133 The Festivals 133 The Human Be-In 133 The Monterey International Pop Music Festival 133 The Isle of Wight Fe
• Section 4 How Did the Rise of Studio Craft Change Rock Music? 137 The Rise of Studio Craft 137 Pet Sounds 137 Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band 138 A British Blues Revival and Folk Goes Electric 138 John Mayall & the Bluesbreakers 139 Cream 139 Spenc
• Section I What Were the Musical Responses Produced by the Social Crises of the Late 1960s? 144 Protest Versus Soft Rock 144 Easy Listening Artists 144
• Section 2 Who Took
• Part i n the Soul Revival? 146 The Soul Revival Takes Flight 146 Wattstax Music Festival 146 Riding on the Soul Train 146 Aretha Franklin 147 Rock Places: Philadelphia 147
• Section 3 What Were the Early Influences of Glam Rock? 148 The Origins of Glam 148 The Velvet Underground 148 David Bowie 149 Flashpoints: Issues in Rock - Rock as Performance Art 149 Marc Bolan 150 Mott the Hoople 150 Rock People: Iggy Pop 150 Queen 151
• Section 4 What Led to the Rise of Heavy Metal and Progressive Rock? 152 The Rise of Heavy Metal 152 Led Zeppelin 152 Classic Albums: Led Zeppelin IV 153 Black Sabbath 153 Deep Purple 154 Progressive Rock 155 Progressive Rock and Art Rock 155 Yes 156 Gene
• Section 1 How Did Disco Change the Music Scene during the 1970s? 164 Disco Dances In164 The Producers164 Dancing and Disco164 Donna Summer: Queen of Disco165 Chic165 Barry White: The Sultan of Soul165 Rock Places: Studio 54 166 Saturday Night Fever, Hitm
• Section 2 What Were the Origins of the Punk Movement in American Musical Culture? 169 Punk Pre-History169 Iggy Pop and the Stooges 169 Motor City Five (MC5)170 The Velvet Underground170 The New York Dolls171
• Section 3 Where Did Punk Begin? 171 New York City171 Rock People: Patti Smith 171 The Ramones 172 London172 The Sex Pistols173 Classic Albums: Never Mind the Bollocks, Here's the Sex Pistols by the Sex Pistols 173 The Clash174 Top of the Charts: What's H
• Section 4 How Did New Wave Emerge from the Death of Punk? 176 New Wave Rears Its Head176 Classic Albums: My Aim is True by Elvis Costello 176 Public Image Limited (PiL)176 Gang of Four177 X-Ray Spex 177 The Slits177 The Au Pairs177 Joy Division178 Rock T
• Section 1 How Did Punk's Destructive Focus Create New Options for Later Musicians? 184 New Wave Takes Shape 184 New Wave in New York 185 Blondie and Television 185 Rock People: Hilly Kristal 186
• Section 2 What Role Did Britain Play in Crafting the New Wave Sound? 187 The British Post-Pistols 187 Elvis Costello 187 British Successes, Punk Holdouts, and New Wave 188 Top of the Charts: What's Hot! 1977 188 Pure Pop in Britain and the United States
• Section 3 What Was the Place of Dance Music in Postpunk and New Wave? 195 Dance Pop: What Have I Done to Deserve This? 195 Classic Album: Pet Shop Boys, Actually 195
• Section 4 How Did MTV Change the Way that Music Was Received? 196 I Want My MTV 196 Video Made the TV Star 196 Video Kills the Radio Star 197 Flashpoints: Did Video Kill Rock? 197 The Band with a Thorn in its Side: The Smiths 198 Formation and Initial Su
• Section 1 How Did Alternative Rock Get the Word Out? 204 Alternative Rock's Three Trajectories 204 Punk Attitude 204 College Radio 205 Indie Rock 205 U2: Band of the 1980s and Today 205 Rise to Stardom 205 Politics and Popularity 206 R.E.M.: Kings of Col
• Section 2 How Did the Rock Underground Influence Rock during the 1980s? 209 American Hardcore Shakes Up the Musical Underground 209 Sonic Youth: Breaking the Noise Barrier 209 Bad Brains: Fusion Punk210 Top of the Charts: What's Hot! August 8, 1987211 Te
• Section 3 How Did Alternative Rock Try to Change the World? 218 The Rock Benefit Concert218 Rock People: Sir Bob Geldof 218 Live Aid, Farm Aid, and Band Aid 218 Flashpoints: Issues in Rock - Rock with a Purpose 219 12 American Punk: The Second Wave (1987
• Section 1 What Elements Did Grunge Borrow from Punk Rock to Make a New Musical Genre? 224 Beginnings of a Seattle Scene 224 Hardcore Punk and Grunge 224 Source of Inspiration: The Pixies 225 Abrasive and Melodic 225 Alternative Precursors: The Butthole S
• Section 2 What Were the Most Important Bands that Grew Out of the Seattle Scene? 226 Seattle Goes Subterranean 226 Early Seattle Bands 227 The Melvins 227 Soundgarden 227 Green River and Mudhoney 228 Rock People: Bruce Pavitt and Jonathan Poneman (Sub Po
• Section 3 How Were Other Simultaneous Movements Affected by Grunge? 232 Riot Grrrls 232 Rock Places: Olympia, Washington 232 Bikini Kill 233 Other Seattle Riots 234 Oregon Grrrls 234 Courtney Love and Hole 235 L7 236 Huggy Bear 236 Flashpoints in Rock: H
• Section 1 How Did Hip Hop Get Its Start? 244 What is Hip Hop? 244 "The Godfather" of Hip Hop and Hip Hop's Beginnings 244 Old-School Hip Hop (c. 1979-1984) 245 Rock Places: South Bronx 246
• Section 2 How Did Hip Hop Gain Mainstream Recognition? 246 Mainstream Recognition for Hip Hop 246 New-School Hip Hop (c. 1983)246 Rock Technology: "Two Turntables and a Microphone" and "The Wheels of Steel" 247 Rap's Golden Age (late 1980s-early 1990s) 2
• Section 3 What Are The Different Branches of Hip Hop and Rap? 250 Gangsta Rap250 Ice-T250 N.W.A, Straight Outta Compton (1988) 251 Snoop Doggy Dogg252 Cypress Hill252 Tupac Shakur (a.k.a. 2Pac)252 East Coast Figures253 The Notorious B.I.G.253 Flashpoints
• Section 1 Why Was 1994 an Important Year in the History of Rock Music? 264 The Death of Rock & Roll?264 1994: Woodstock's 25th Anniversary 264 Did the Death of Kurt Cobain Equal the Death of Rock?266 Since 1994: Three Main Streams in Rock & Roll266 Domes
• Section 2 How Have Girl Groups and Boy Bands Influenced the History of Rock? 268 Girl Groups268 Occasional Revivals of the Girl Group268 The Spice Girls269 Destiny's Child270 Classic Albums: Survivor by Destiny's Child 270 Britney Spears271 Christina Agu
• Section 3 How Has Rock & Roll Been Changed by Aggressive Marketing to Younger Audiences? 278 The Disneyfication of Pop Rock278 Miley Cyrus278 The Jonas Brothers278 Rock Places: Los Angeles 279 The High School Musical Franchise279 15 Hyphenated-Rock & Exp
• Section 1 How Did a New Generation Update Some Older Styles of Rock & Roll?284 Progressive Rock, Reborn284 Radiohead284 Coldplay285 Godspeed You! Black Emperor285 Rock Places: Oxford, UK286 Sigur Ros286 TV on the Radio287 Classic Albums: Return to Cookie
• Section 2 How Did Rock & Roll Become Even More Personal?289 Emo: The New Confessionalism289 Pop Successes291 Top of the Charts: What's Hot! - October 8, 2005291 Flashpoints: Issues in Rock - Selling Out292
• Section 3 How Does Rock & Roll Continue to Update Itself?293 Nu Metal293 Tool294 Rage Against the Machine294 Godsmack294 Classic Albums: Evil Empire by Rage Against the Machine295 Korn295 Rock People: Marilyn Manson296 Slipknot296 Linkin Park297 Garage R
• Section 1 What Is the Role of Appropriation in Popular Music? 304 Remixes and Mashups304 Visual Predecessors304 Fair Use305 Beg, Borrow, and Steal: The Legacy of Appropriation in Popular Music306 Cover Songs306
• Section 2 What Was the Impact of the Digital Sampler? 307 A Little Bit of This, a Little Bit of That: Sampling307 Sampling in Hip-Hop307 Sampling in Electronica308 Jailhouse Rock: Legal Roadblocks to Sampling308 What Price Beats?309 Rock Technology: The
• Section 3 What Was Napster and How Did It Affect Digital Distribution? 311 iPod People311 Digital Distribution311 Rock People: Shawn Fanning 312 Mashups313 Classic Albums: The Grey Album by Danger Mouse/ Feed the Animals by Girl Talk 315 This One's on Me